Abstract
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a large and diverse class of regulatory RNAs without evident protein-coding capacity. Accumulating evidence shows that ncRNAs, especially microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), regulate almost every cellular process and have important roles in many diseases, such as cancer and metabolic disease. This review summarizes the current knowledge of miRNAs and lncRNAs as regulators of cellular metabolism. This includes their biogenesis, mode of actions, physiological functions in the context of human diseases, including diabetes and cancer. Dyregulated insulin signaling is pivotal for the development of diabetes, while altered cellular metabolism has emerged as a hallmark of cancer. Therefore we highlight ncRNAs that play a role in the insulin signaling and cancer metabolic reprogramming. It is anticipated that an in-depth understanding of ncRNAs in cellular metabolism may provide a new field of therapeutic and diagnostic opportunities for human diseases.
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