Abstract
The importance of the article is determined by “deficiency of projection” observed in the field of political ideology. Moreover, the available data (including in social and humanitarian technologies) don't have a goal of being implemented in practice. The article examines «nonclassical turn» in utopianism at the beginning of the 20th century, when the nature of the utopian ideal was altered and the transcendental ideal of classical utopia was replaced by an immanent ideal of nonclassical utopia that essentially advanced the social development of mankind. Our research is based on the historical method and the article shows that utopian texts are varieties of historical sources which can reveal the features of public consciousness of certain historical periods. The data presented can be useful for political scientists, sociologists and historians who deal with the problems of the evolution of public consciousness and the perception of social time.
Highlights
Ricoeur (1986) believes that the main difficulty in learning utopia is related to its excessive thematic variety, though he is quite traditional in his definition: "utopia" first of all is a literary genre, any utopia is inherently the author's creation, implying the participation of the reader who has to accept the represented model of a society and an individual at least as a plausible hypothesis (Ricoeur, 1986).The concepts of Russian experts are mainly based on the distinctions between "utopia" and "utopianism"
Our research is based on the historical method and the article shows that utopian texts are varieties of historical sources which can reveal the features of public consciousness of certain historical periods
Social utopianism aims at the random creation of the world following the vision; causal relations are substituted by ideal oughtness, causality is replaced by rationality
Summary
Ricoeur (1986) believes that the main difficulty in learning utopia is related to its excessive thematic variety, though he is quite traditional in his definition: "utopia" first of all is a literary genre, any utopia is inherently the author's creation, implying the participation of the reader who has to accept the represented model of a society and an individual at least as a plausible hypothesis (Ricoeur, 1986). "Utopia", avoided giving any definition to "utopia" at all (Sargent, 2005) Instead, he described the etymology of the concept introduced by Thomas More and points out that "though he had introduced the concept and invented the genre, he wasn’t the first who came up with an idea of a society better than the existing one". From the social point of view, a utopian model implies the improved family model based on the existing system of relationships but free from class and gender distinctions and provides equality in every respect. In this case it criticizes utopian ideas and schemes, showing their weaknesses and unfitness for practical implementation, and troubles the mankind may face in case the utopian ideals are realized.
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