Nonclassical correlations of phase noise and photon number in quantum nondemolition measurements

Abstract

The continuous transition from a low resolution quantum nondemolition measurement of light field intensity to a precise measurement of photon number is described using a generalized measurement postulate. In the intermediate regime, quantization appears as a weak modulation of measurement probability. In this regime, the measurement result is strongly correlated with the amount of phase decoherence introduced by the measurement interaction. In particular, the accidental observation of half integer photon numbers preserves phase coherence in the light field, while the accidental observation of quantized values increases decoherence. The quantum mechanical nature of this correlation is discussed and the implications for the general interpretation of quantization are considered.