Non-Carious Cervical Lesions and risk factors in Brazilian athletes: A cross sectional study

Andrea Barros Tolentino,Paulo Vinicius Soares,Alexandre Coelho Machado,Neide Pena Coto,Ana Cecilia Correa Aranha,Livia Fávaro Zeola

doi:10.33448/rsd-v10i9.17859

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Noncarious Cervical Lesions (NCCL), Cervical Dentin Hypersensitivity (CDH) and Gingival Recession (GR) and their associated risk factors in athletes. Methodology: A questionnaire was used to obtain basic information. An evaluator clinically examined all subjects. Statistical analysis was performed using Poisson multiple regression with robust variance, and the prevalence ratio and confidence intervals (95%) were calculated. Results: The final sample consisted of 264 athletes of different sports (7285 teeth). The present study found that the type of sport and weekly training time are important factors. Athlete’s ages ranged from 17 to 46 years (mean: 20.33 years). Majority of the athletes were males (90.46%). The teeth most affected by NCCL were the first upper premolars (29.35%), and the prevalence of NCCL increased with age. The prevalence of NCCL, CDH, and GR was 17.42%, 35.35%, and 59.09%, respectively. The linear regression shows that the most important risk factor(s) for NCCL was age, training hours, stress, excessive brushing force and orthodontic appliance; for CDH were age, education, type of sport, training hours and acid diet; and for GR were age, income, education, type of sport and excessive teeth brushing. Conclusion: It must be understood that the presence of all elements are factors capable of destabilizing the athlete's daily life. Athletes have risk factors that are closely related to the onset and progression of the disease. It is necessary that the dentist knows prevention and minimization measures.

Highlights

Dentists who work in the sports field should evaluate the oral health of athletes in order to detect alterations and pathologies that could compromise their athletic performance during training and competitions.(Gallagher et al, 2018; Needleman et al, 2013; Soares et al, 2014; Souza et al, n.d.) The literature comprises of studies that evaluated the general oral health of athletes. (Bryant et al, 2011; Frese et al, 2015; Gallagher et al, 2018; Mathew et al, 2002; Ian Needleman et al, 2016; Sirimaharaj et al, 2002) few studies objectively analyzed the presence of non-carious cervical lesion (NCCL)
NCCLs have been associated with other conditions such as cervical dentin hypersensitivity (CDH) and gingival recession (GR). (Grippo et al, 2012; PV Soares & Grippo, 2017; Teixeira et al, 2020; Yoshizaki et al, 2017)
Pain associated with CDH is characterized as short and acute, arising when the dentin is exposed to external agents. (Canadian Advisory Board on Dentin Hypersensitivity, 2003; DG, 2017; LF et al, 2020; West et al, 2013) It is a very uncomfortable feeling and often impacts the patients' daily routine

Summary

Introduction

Dentists who work in the sports field should evaluate the oral health of athletes in order to detect alterations and pathologies that could compromise their athletic performance during training and competitions.(Gallagher et al, 2018; Needleman et al, 2013; Soares et al, 2014; Souza et al, n.d.) The literature comprises of studies that evaluated the general oral health of athletes. (Bryant et al, 2011; Frese et al, 2015; Gallagher et al, 2018; Mathew et al, 2002; Ian Needleman et al., 2016; Sirimaharaj et al, 2002) few studies objectively analyzed the presence of non-carious cervical lesion (NCCL)or dentin hypersensitivity (CDH) and gingival recession (GR).NCCLs are characterized by the loss of tooth structure at the cement-enamel junction, not related to bacteriological processes. Dentin hypersensitivity (CDH) and gingival recession (GR). NCCLs have been associated with other conditions such as cervical dentin hypersensitivity (CDH) and gingival recession (GR). The routine of athletes is closely associated with the etiological factors of NCCL. They spend hours in the gym performing exercises that often cause voluntary clenching. Athletes generally present an acid diet that have low pH and interfering the buffering capacity of oral saliva.(Broad & Rye, n.d.; Gallagher et al, 2018; Moazzez et al, 2000; Ian Needleman et al, 2016; Tanabe et al, 2013)

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Discussion

Conclusion