Abstract
An attempt was made to demonstrate the usefulness of pre-knowledge of the quality and quantity analysis of non-carbohydrate components of starch surface, such as proteins and lipids, in starch isolated from wheat with varying degrees of hardness, for receiving glucose hydrolysates. The chemical composition of starches isolated from wheat grains of different hardness was examined. The amount of protein fraction (surface proteins, puroindolins and internal proteins), total and surface lipids, apparent amylose, phosphorous and pentosans contents were evaluated. It was found that starches, depending on the hardness of wheat grain, have a different chemical composition. A clear influence of wheat hardness on lipid and proteins content on the surface of starch grains and on apparent amylose was proved. It was showed that the presence of polar lipids (glyco and phospholipids) on the surface of starch was connected with their role in binding of surface proteins fraction (friabilins) to starch grains. There was a clear positive correlation between the amount of lipid fraction on starch surface and the amount of protein fraction, depending on wheat hardness. Starches from soft wheat varieties were characterized by higher amounts of proteins and lipids on their surface. In addition, it was determined that basing on the knowledge of mechanical properties of wheat grains, namely its hardness and initial starch chemical content analysis, one may predict its further directions of processing, including evaluation, whether the starch from a given wheat variety would be appropriate for obtaining hydrolysates with good physicochemical properties.
Highlights
Starch, the main plant storage polysaccharide, depending on its botanical origin, is accompanied by small amounts of compounds such as proteins, lipids and phosphorus
They contain a greater amount of monoacyl lipids, compared with non-starch lipids, which simplify the formation of amylose-lipid complexes on the surface of starch grains [5]
Analysis of chemical composition of starch grain surface can form the basis for the production technology of starch hydrolysates
Summary
The main plant storage polysaccharide, depending on its botanical origin, is accompanied by small amounts of compounds such as proteins, lipids and phosphorus. Lipids are a major non-starch component of cereal starches [1] [2] Depending on their location in the grain, they can be classified into one of three classes: non-starch, surface and interior lipids. Triglycerides, free fatty acids, glycolipids and phospholipids belong to the fraction of starch surface lipids. They contain a greater amount of monoacyl lipids, compared with non-starch lipids, which simplify the formation of amylose-lipid complexes on the surface of starch grains [5]. Internal starch lipids are located inside the intact cereal grains of starch These are mainly monoacyl lipids, namely free fatty acids and lysophospholipids, which may exist as complexes with amylose in native starch [6]. These proteins bear a common name of surface proteins [7]
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