Abstract

Non-Arctic countries, previously largely sidelined in Arctic debates, more and more indicate their desire to be involved in deliberations about the region’s future as has become evident in the accession of China, India, Japan, Singapore, and South Korea as observers to the Arctic Council in 2013. However, not all nations approach the Arctic in comparable ways. This examination of the Arctic strategies and policies of non-Arctic countries demonstrates the complex interactions that are redefining the international role of the Arctic. The non-Arctic nations, with widely varying cultural connections to the region and evolving levels of scientific, commercial and political participation, are diverse in their approaches, Arctic capacities, and levels of engagement.

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