Non-Aqueous Electrolytes in Metal-Air Batteries

Abstract

Nonaqueous Li-air batteries (LABs) have gained popularity in recent years because of their high theoretical specific energy density, stable output voltage, low cost, energy-efficiency, lack of pollution, and ability to be used in a variety of applications. However, due to their severe capacity fading and poor rate performance, practical LABs remain a challenge. An electrolyte is a critical component of LABs and shows a significant impact on the battery’s electrochemical performance. As a result, it is critical to choose an ideal electrolyte with high stability against attack by reaction intermediates, as well as high oxygen solubility and diffusivity. The opportunities and challenges of non-aqueous electrolytes, i.e. organic electrolytes, for rechargeable LABs are discussed in this chapter. To obtain a suitable approach to meeting the battery requirements, a comprehensive summary of the selection criteria, design ideas, internal compositions, instability factors, and reaction mechanisms of the investigated electrolytes is provided. Non-aqueous electrolytes, in particular, present appealing opportunities for controlling high energy density while also maintaining safety. We investigated the effect of solvents, potential additives, and/or their combination on the performance of LABs. Finally, we discussed the possibility of using nonaqueous electrolytes in LABs.