Abstract
In this study, the role of non-viable Lactobacillus johnsonii JNU3402 (NV-LJ3402) in diet-induced obesity was investigated in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). To determine whether NV-LJ3402 exhibits a protective effect against diet-induced obesity, 7-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet, an HFD, or an HFD with NV-LJ3402 for 14 weeks. NV-LJ3402 administration was associated with a significant reduction in body weight gain and in liver, epididymal, and inguinal white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue weight in HFD-fed mice. Concomitantly, NV-LJ3402 administration to HFD-fed mice also decreased the triglyceride levels in the plasma and metabolic tissues and slightly improved insulin resistance. Furthermore, NV-LJ3402 enhanced gene programming for energy dissipation in the WATs of HFD-fed mice as well as in 3T3-L1 adipocytes with increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) transcriptional activity, suggesting that the PPARγ pathway plays a key role in mediating the anti-obesity effect of NV-LJ3402 in HFD-fed mice. Furthermore, NV-LJ3402 administration in HFD-fed mice enhanced mitochondrial levels and function in WATs and also increased the body temperature upon cold exposure. Together, these results suggest that NV-LJ3402 could be safely used to develop dairy products that ameliorate diet-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia.
Highlights
High-caloric intake and low physical activity promote excessive fat accumulation in metabolic tissues including adipose tissues, which is the main cause of obesity and associated metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance, diabetes, nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular disease [1].Probiotics are living microorganisms that confer a health benefit to the host
Recent studies in mice and human volunteers showed that several strains of probiotic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus acidophilus NS1, Lactobacillus amylovorus KU4, and Akkermansia muciniphila, ameliorate obesity and associated metabolic disorders [3,4,17]
Many studies have shown that several strains of probiotic bacteria could reduce insulin resistance and the incidence of diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and fatty liver diseases [1]
Summary
High-caloric intake and low physical activity promote excessive fat accumulation in metabolic tissues including adipose tissues, which is the main cause of obesity and associated metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance, diabetes, nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular disease [1].Probiotics are living microorganisms that confer a health benefit to the host. Recent studies have shown that some Lactobacillus strains protect against diet-induced obesity in mice. Lactobacillus acidophilus NS1 inhibits obesity in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice by increasing hepatic fatty acid oxidation with decreased lipogenesis, improving HFD-induced insulin resistance, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and hyperlipidemia [3]. Another Lactobacillus strain, Lactobacillus amylovorus KU4, promotes the browning of WAT in HFD-fed mice, leading to the suppression of HFD-induced adiposity with reduced lipid deposition in metabolic tissues, such as liver and WAT as
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