Abstract
This paper presents the design of aperiodic concentric ring arrays for ultra-wide bandwidths (UW-ACRA). This design of ultra-wideband arrays considers the synthesis of concentric rings in two cases: 1) non-uniform spacing between rings with non-uniform spacing between antenna elements of the same ring (UW-ACRAelements); and 2) non-uniform spacing between rings assuming that spacing between antenna elements of the same ring to be equal (UW-ACRArings). This is in order to eliminate the occurrence of grating lobes and generating array structures with useful ultra-wideband properties. The synthesis process is carried out by the well-known method of differential evolution (DE). Wireless sensor networks can take advantage of these properties to achieve less data traffic, efficient delivery of information and better energy efficiency.
Highlights
There is a great interest for designing antenna arrays in wireless sensor networks [1]
Werner et al have analyzed different geometries and array configurations with different optimization techniques, such as polyfractal arrays [3,6], antenna arrays based on power series representations [7], planar antenna arrays based on aperiodic tilings [8], planar array layouts exploiting rotational symmetry [2] and aperiodic antenna arrays with an evolutionary strategy [4], among others
For arrays able to operate effectively with no grating lobes and low side lobes at a minimum element spacing of bλ, the resulting frequency bandwidth is 2b:1 [2,3,4]. This design of ultra-wideband arrays considers the synthesis of concentric rings in two cases: (1) aperiodic array with non-uniform spacing between rings and between antenna elements of the same ring (UW-ACRAelements case); and (2) aperiodic array with non-uniform spacing between rings assuming that spacing between antenna elements of the same ring to be equal (UW-ACRArings case)
Summary
There is a great interest for designing antenna arrays in wireless sensor networks [1]. Non-uniform or aperiodic [2,3] antenna arrays provide several advantages with respect to traditional periodic arrays They present low side lobe level (SLL) (no grating lobes) over arbitrarily large bandwidths [4], require significantly fewer elements to generate a desired beam shaped [4], and have the ability to achieve a low SLL without requiring any amplitude tapering [5]. Werner et al have analyzed different geometries and array configurations with different optimization techniques, such as polyfractal arrays [3,6], antenna arrays based on power series representations [7], planar antenna arrays based on aperiodic tilings [8], planar array layouts exploiting rotational symmetry [2] and aperiodic antenna arrays with an evolutionary strategy [4], among others These previous papers have illustrated that the design of planar aperiodic antenna arrays can yield very useful ultra-wideband properties
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