Abstract
Although cardiovascular disease and its risk factors have been widely studied and new methods of diagnosis and treatment have been developed and implemented, the morbidity and mortality levels are still rising—cardiovascular disease is responsible for more than four million deaths each year in Europe alone. Even though nutrition is classified as one of the main and changeable risk factors, the quality of the diet in the majority of people does not follow the recommendations essential for prevention of obesity and cardiovascular disease. It demonstrates the need for better nutritional education in cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment, and the need to emphasize dietary components most relevant in cardiovascular disease. In our non-systematic review, we summarize the most recent knowledge about nutritional risk and prevention in cardiovascular disease and obesity.
Highlights
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death worldwide and its prevalence is still increasing [1,2,3]
It should be pointed out that even though an Mediterranean diet (MeD) dietary pattern is valuable in cardiovascular disease prevention, future randomized-controlled trials should be conducted to demonstrate MeD effects in other non-Mediterranean populations to determine the transferability of the MeD recommendations [60,91,96]
Since nutrition is one of the most crucial and modifiable risk factors, there is a need for better nutritional education of patients with or at risk of CVD
Summary
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death worldwide and its prevalence is still increasing [1,2,3]. Nutrition is one of the major factors influencing cardiovascular risk directly by physiological, molecular, and biological changes with inflammatory initiation and oxidative stress [9,10]. It may impact on CVD development indirectly by affecting body mass, blood pressure, lipid profile, and the risk of atherosclerosis and diabetes [11,12,13,14,15]. Nutrition is a modifiable risk factor, many people, especially those with obesity, do not follow the dietary recommendations for cardiovascular disease prevention [11,16,17]. In our non-systematic review, we want to summarize the most recent and crucial nutritional aspects of cardiovascular disease prevention
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