Abstract
Aim: To analyze if non-surgical treatment of periodontitis in a pregnant Caucasian women population can reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods and results: A parallel randomized clinical trial was designed and approved by the Ethical Committee of Sanitary Area Santiago-Lugo, Spain (registration number: 2016/451). Forty patients with periodontitis stage II grade B were randomly allocated to receive either comprehensive non-surgical periodontal therapy (test group; n = 20) or professional tooth cleaning (control group; n = 20) before 24 gestational weeks. Randomization was computer-generated by the statistic program Epidat v.4.1 and allocation was performed using sealed opaque envelopes. Clinical measurements and peripheral blood samples for biochemical variables were collected at baseline, in the middle of second trimester before non-surgical treatment, and in the third trimester. Microbiological samples were collected in the second and third trimester. A statistically significant reduction was verified in all clinical and microbiological parameters after periodontal treatment in the test group. No significant differences were observed for the rest of the variables, including preterm birth and/or low birth weight. No adverse events related to periodontal treatment were reported. Conclusions: Non-surgical periodontal treatment in Caucasian patients with periodontitis stage II grade B did not significantly reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Highlights
Adverse results of pregnancy, such as preterm birth or low birth weight, can be the cause of mortality and increased morbidity in neonates [1]
The study population was 32.00 ± 4.27 years old for the test group and 32.25 ± 4.21 for control group; the majority lived in a rural residence, were married, had finished elementary school, and were her first pregnancy and only a 5% had a previous spontaneous abortion
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of non-surgical periodontal treatment in pregnant women, carried out during the second trimester of pregnancy, on the rates of preterm birth and low birth weight, and to assess the clinical, biochemical, and microbiological changes
Summary
Adverse results of pregnancy, such as preterm birth or low birth weight, can be the cause of mortality and increased morbidity in neonates [1]. Preterm birth is the second most common factor of death in children under 5 years old [2]. The prevalence of preterm births varies depending on the country European countries to 18% in some African countries). Blencowe et al [3] identified data from 99 countries and estimated the 2010 global prevalence at 11.1% (95% CI = 9.1–13.4%). The preterm birth rate in the 1980s was not vastly different than the current preterm birth rate [4], and it remains an important public health priority worldwide [5]. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 3638; doi:10.3390/ijerph16193638 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph
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