Abstract
Ion Coulomb crystals form when trapped ions are cooled below a certain criticaltemperature. In radiofrequency (RF) traps, such crystals are usually stationary(i.e. non-rotating) with shapes similar to those of cold, homogeneously chargedliquids when the number of ions is sufficient for three-dimensional structures toappear. ‘Dynamically stable’ structures can, however, also be created either bydirectly applying a torque to an initially stationary crystal or by choosing trapparameters just within the stability region where stationary crystals will melt dueto parametric resonances between the RF trap field and ion plasma modes.
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