Abstract
Public expressions of Islamic law, non-Turkish ethnic identity or non-Muslim religious identity had either been banned or stigmatized by the Kemalist state. But counter-hegemonic and anti-hegemonic knowledge sources and identities have continued to co-exist as unofficial, subaltern and periphery phenomena, producing their own anti or counter-systemic knowledge, including unofficial Muslim. In this chapter, I am only able to focus on practicing Muslims and among them, the Gulen Movement that has mainly focused on science and secular education. The movement has reproduced several Islamic concepts to transnationally mobilize Turks. Eventually the Movement’s operations have reached to 170 countries until the global crackdown against it by the Erdoganist regime in Turkey.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
