Abstract
We investigate Non-Standard Neutrino Interactions (NSI) arising from a flavor-sensitive Z'Z′ boson of a new U(1)'U(1)′ symmetry. We compare the limits from neutrino oscillations, coherent elastic neutrino–nucleus scattering, and Z'Z′ searches at different beam and collider experiments for a variety of straightforward anomaly-free U(1)'U(1)′ models generated by linear combinations of B-LB−L and lepton-family-number differences L_\alpha-L_\betaLα−Lβ. Depending on the flavor structure of those models it is easily possible to avoid NSI signals in long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments or change the relative importance of the various experimental searches. We also point out that kinetic ZZ–Z'Z′ mixing gives vanishing NSI in long-baseline experiments if a direct coupling between the U(1)'U(1)′ gauge boson and matter is absent. In contrast, ZZ–Z'Z′ mass mixing generates such NSI, which in turn means that there is a Higgs multiplet charged under both the Standard Model and the new U(1)'U(1)′ symmetry.
Highlights
The precision era of neutrino physics implies that small effects beyond the standard paradigm of three massive neutrinos may be detected
We compare the limits from neutrino oscillations, coherent elastic neutrino–nucleus scattering, and Z searches at different beam and collider experiments for a variety of straightforward anomaly-free U(1) models generated by linear combinations of B − L and lepton-family-number differences Lα − Lβ
The paper is organized as follows: In Section 2 we introduce the formalism of NSI and summarize current limits from neutrino oscillations
Summary
The precision era of neutrino physics implies that small effects beyond the standard paradigm of three massive neutrinos may be detected. We stress that these U(1)X models are anomaly free and UV-complete, allowing us to reliably compare limits from NSI and other experiments In their simplest form these models are safe from proton decay and lepton flavor violation without the need for any fine-tuning, and can accommodate neutrino masses via a seesaw mechanism [33, 38]. We demonstrate that in the latter case Z–Z mass mixing is required to generate observable NSI in long-baseline oscillation experiments, implying non-trivial Higgs phenomenology. Working with simple anomaly-free U(1) symmetries we stress the importance of the flavor structure of the underlying models, which strongly influences the size of the limits (via the sign of the generated ε), as well as the importance of other constraints on the Z mass and gauge coupling.
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