Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is one of the most commonly diagnosed blood cancers. One criterion for the diagnosis of MM is serum and/or urine monoclonal protein produced by clonal plasmocytes. However, about 1-2% of MM cases do not have monoclonal protein. If other diagnostic criteria are present, the possibility of a diagnosis of non-secretory MM should be considered. As the different types of non-secretory MM depend on the underlying cause, the current definition is considered insufficient. Currently, both the diagnosis and treatment of non-secretory MM are the same as those of secretory MM. Due to the rarity of non-secretory MM, most findings are from retrospective studies on small groups of patients and case reports. The method of monitoring the effectiveness of MM treatment remains a problem, as it is usually based on the assessment of the percentage of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow and imaging studies.
Highlights
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a blood cancer that arises from clonal plasmocytes (CP) that accumulate in the bone marrow (BM) and, in most cases, produce monoclonal (M) protein
Based on selected key words, we identified 358 articles related to NSMM
We lack data to determine the prevalence of NSMM in Poland
Summary
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a blood cancer that arises from clonal plasmocytes (CP) that accumulate in the bone marrow (BM) and, in most cases, produce monoclonal (M) protein. Infiltration of CP may occur at extramedullary sites and/or in peripheral blood during disease progression.[1] Multiple myeloma is the 2nd most frequently diagnosed hematologic malignancy and accounts for 10–15% of all blood cancers and 1–1.8% of all cancers. The incidence of MM in Europe is 4.5–6.0/100,000/year.[2] According to the National Health Fund (Narodowy Fundusz Zdrowia (NFZ)) data, there were nearly 2600 new MM cases in Poland in 2016.3 The median age at MM diagnosis is 72 years.[2] Over 90% of patients are >50 years old at MM diagnosis, while only 2% of patients are younger than 40 years.[4] Currently, the median overall survival (OS) of MM patients is approx. 6 years.[5] In the subgroup of patients treated with high-dose (HD) chemotherapy with
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