Non-Restoring Array Divider Using Optimized CAS Cells Based on Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata with Minimized Latency and Power Dissipation for Quantum Computing.

Hyun-Il Kim,Jun-Cheol Jeon

doi:10.3390/nano12030540

Abstract

Many studies have addressed the physical limitations of complementary metal-oxide semi-conductor (CMOS) technology and the need for next-generation technologies, and quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) are emerging as a replacement for nanotechnology. Meanwhile, the divider is the most-used circuit in arithmetic operations with squares and multipliers, and the development of effective dividers is crucial for improving the efficiency of inversion and exponentiation, which is known as the most complex operation. In most public-key cryptography systems, the corresponding operations are used by applying algebraic structures such as fields or groups. In this paper, an improved design of a non-restoring array divider (N-RAD) is proposed based on the promising technology of QCA. Our QCA design is focused on the optimization of dividers using controlled add/subtract (CAS) cells composed of an XOR and full adder. We propose a new CAS cell using a full adder that is designed to be very stable and compact so that power dissipation is minimized. The proposed design is considerably improved in many ways compared with the best existing N-RADs and is verified through simulations using QCADesigner and QCAPro. The proposed full adder reduces the energy loss rate by at least 25% compared to the existing structures, and the divider has about 23%~4.5% lower latency compared to the latest coplanar and multilayer structures.

Highlights

The progress of miniaturization in complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS)technology faces physical limitations such as short channel effects and high-power dissipation [1]
A significant amount of research has focused on quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA), both theoretically and experimentally
The function of switching and power gain to the circuits is provided by a QCA clock [2,3,4,5]

Summary

Introduction

The progress of miniaturization in complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS)technology faces physical limitations such as short channel effects and high-power dissipation [1]. One of the most promising nanotechnologies is quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA), which was initially proposed by C.S. Lent et al in the early 1990s [2]. A significant amount of research has focused on QCA, both theoretically and experimentally. They have become a promising candidate for use in nano-computing. The fundamental component of circuit execution is a QCA cell that is extremely compact, and facilitates extreme densities. QCA technology is the most favorable among evolving nanotechnologies. Unlike current switching semiconductor technology, QCA encode binary information using electron positions in square cells. The function of switching and power gain to the circuits is provided by a QCA clock [2,3,4,5]

Methods

Findings

Discussion

Conclusion