Abstract
High efficiency and a compact footprint are desired properties for electro-optic modulators. In this paper, we propose, theoretically investigate, and experimentally demonstrate a recirculating phase modulator, which increases the modulation efficiency by modulating the optical field several times in a non-resonant waveguide structure. The “recycling” of light is achieved by looping the optical path that exits the phase modulator back and coupling it to a higher order waveguide mode, which then repeats its passage through the phase modulator. By looping the light back twice, we were able to demonstrate a recirculating phase modulator that requires nine times lower power to generate the same modulation index of a single pass phase modulator. This approach to modulation efficiency enhancement is promising for the design of advanced tunable electro-optical frequency comb generators and other electro-optical devices with defined operational frequency bandwidths.
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