Non-resonant boundary value problems with singular $${\phi}$$ -Laplacian operators

Abstract

In this paper, using Leray–Schauder degree arguments, critical point theory for lower semicontinuous functionals and the method of lower and upper solutions, we give existence results for periodic problems involving the relativistic operator \({u \mapsto \left(\frac{u^\prime}{\sqrt{1-u^\prime 2}}\right)^\prime+r(t)u}\) with \({\int_0^Tr dt\neq 0}\) . In particular we show that in this case we have non-resonance, that is periodic problem $$\left(\frac{u^\prime}{\sqrt{1-u^\prime 2}}\right)^\prime+r(t)u=e(t),\quad u(0)-u(T)=0=u^\prime(0)-u^\prime(T),$$ has at least one solution for any continuous function \({e : [0, T] \to \mathbb {R}}\) . Then, we consider Brillouin and Mathieu-Duffing type equations for which \({r(t) \equiv b_1 + b_2 {\rm cos} t {\rm and} b_1, b_2 \in \mathbb{R}}\) .