Abstract

We show that there are continuous, W^{1,p} (p<d-1), incompressible vector fields for which uniqueness of solutions to the continuity equation fails.

Highlights

  • In this paper we consider the continuity equation∂t ρ + div = 0, (1)div u = 0, in a d-dimensional periodic domain, d ≥ 3, for a time-dependent incompressible vector field u : [0, 1] × Td → Rd and an unknown density ρ : [0, 1] × Td → R

  • We will always assume, without loss of generality, that the time interval is [0, 1]. We prove in these notes the following theorem

  • We proved in [16] the analog of Theorem 1.1, for fields and densities in the class ρ ∈ C [0, 1]; Lr (Td ), u ∈ C [0, 1]; Lr (Td ) ∩ C [0, 1]; W 1,p(Td ), with r ∈ (1, ∞), p ∈ [1, ∞), (8)

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Summary

Introduction

We would like to briefly comment about the continuity of the vector field u produced by Theorem 1.1 It was observed by Caravenna and Crippa [7] that the boundedness or the continuity of the vector field (in addition to some Sobolev regularity) could play a key role in the uniqueness problem in the class of integrable densities ρ ∈ L1((0, 1) × Td ). 1. The idea that the boundedness or the continuity of u can play a crucial role in the uniqueness problem is confirmed by the fact that the majority of the result concerning existence and uniqueness of the regular Lagrangian flow associated to a Sobolev or BV vector field u assume that u ∈ L∞ (see, for instance, the recent survey [2]).

Comments on the proof
First issue
Second issue
Third issue
Technical tools
Diffeomorphisms of the flat torus
Improved Hölder inequality
Antidivergence operators
Mean value and fast oscillations
The perturbations
Mikado fields and Mikado densities
Definition of the perturbations
Estimates on the perturbation
Definition of the new defect field
Definition and estimates for Rtransport
Estimates for RNash and Rcorr

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