Abstract
Heavy particles are a window to new physics and new phenomena. Since the late eighties they are treated by means of effective field theories that fully exploit the symmetries and power counting typical of non-relativistic systems. More recently these effective field theories have been extended to describe non-relativistic particles propagating in a medium. After introducing some general features common to any non-relativistic effective field theory, we discuss two specific examples: heavy Majorana neutrinos colliding in a hot plasma of Standard Model particles in the early universe and quarkonia produced in heavy-ion collisions dissociating in a quark-gluon plasma.
Highlights
IntroductionHeavy particles are a window to new physics for they may be more sensitive to new fundamental degrees of freedom
After introducing some general features common to any non-relativistic effective field theory, we discuss two specific examples: heavy Majorana neutrinos colliding in a hot plasma of Standard Model particles in the early universe and quarkonia produced in heavy-ion collisions dissociating in a quark-gluon plasma
Heavy particles are a window to new physics for they may be more sensitive to new fundamental degrees of freedom
Summary
Heavy particles are a window to new physics for they may be more sensitive to new fundamental degrees of freedom. The scale E may include the spatial momentum of the heavy particle, masses of other particles, ΛQCD, symmetry breaking scales, the temperature T of the medium and any other energy or momentum scale that describes the heavy particle and its environment Under this condition the heavy particle is non relativistic. In this contribution, we will concentrate on the case of a heavy particle of mass M propagating in and interacting with a medium characterized by a temperature T much smaller than M.
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