Non-random foraging in certain bird pests of field crops

Abstract

Two systems of bird-crop interactions were studied to explain the between- and the within-field variation in the foraging pattern of bird pests in agro-ecosystems. Weaverbirds and munias select rice fields with greater vegetation complexity and not based on the resource status. Within a selected area the concentration of feeding birds was greater close to vegetation cover and decreased non-linearly with increase in distance. Certain structural features and earhead characters of rice plants predisposed particular varieties for intense grain predation by birds. In the parakeet - sunflower system the extent of damage among plants within a field was closely linked to the foraging pattern of parakeets. The extent of achene predation by parakeets was influenced by certain structural features of sunflower plants and not the resource load of each plant. Selective feeding on sunflower plants was governed by the predator vigilance pattern; parakeets prefer to feed on plants that offered better field of vision. The results suggest that the observed pattern of foraging by bird pests in agro-ecosystems is non-random and is dependent on factors favouring predator avoidance behaviour and not on resource maximization.