Non-operative management of shoulder injuries

Abstract

The shoulder is a complex joint with a great amount of freedom, therefore, lacking stability. The shoulder’s normal anatomy, including bony architecture, static and dynamic stabilizers, and its prime movers are reviewed. The shoulder’s normal motion, from both the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic joints, are discussed. Rotator cuff and labral pathology as well as instability and their reasons for development are addressed. The five phases of a shoulder rehabilitation program are discussed in depth.