Non-occupational noise exposure in the United States: A review

Abstract

That occupational noise exposure causes hearing loss has long been known, but non-occupational noise exposure was generally not recognized as causing hearing loss until the 1960s. Audiometric evaluation of populations not exposed to occupational noise was used to establish normal hearing baselines for workers compensation purposes. Audiometery in these groups, and in isolated populations not exposed to loud noise, suggested that hearing was preserved without noise exposure. The word sociocusis was used to describe non-occupational hearing loss. There are no federal recommendations, guidelines, or standards for non-occupational noise exposure. Perhaps because of a misconception that the 85 A-weighted decibel recommended occupational noise exposure limit is safe for the public without time limit, everyday noise exposure appears to have increased. Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) has become a major public health problem in the U.S., with approximately 20% of adolescents age 12–19 and 25% of adults age 20–69 having NIHL Common sources of non-occupational noise exposure include transportation noise, music and entertainment including personal listening devices, restaurant noise, kitchen appliances and power tools, hobbies, and sports. Efforts to reduce non-occupational noise exposure must include public education and the promulgation and enforcement of standards for non-occupational noise exposure.