Abstract
The number of diabetic patients has recently been increasing all over the world together with lifestyle changes including sedentary life and high-calorie diet intake, and as a result the increase in these suffering from diabetes mellitus has become a global issue. Diabetic animal models play a key role in bettering our understanding of the pathophysiology of diabetes and in developing new therapies for the disease. Diabetes is classified into two types, type 1 and type 2, and type 2 diabetes is chiefly caused by a depletion of insulin secretion in the pancreas and insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. The Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat and the Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rat are genetic non-obese type 2 diabetic models, and the both rats are considered to be suitable models for investigating the etiology of the depletion of insulin secretion and impaired glucose tolerance. In this review, we overviewed the outline of pathophysiological features in GK rats and SDT rats, including biological parameters and pharmacological responses.
Highlights
Metabolic diseases, including diabetes, have become health issues worldwide, and the population of patients is rapidly increasing [1] [2] [3]
Our preliminary study showed that polyphagia and obesity result from ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) damage developed diabetes earlier than sham operated Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rats (Ito and Sasase, unpublished observations)
The reduction of the first phase in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) is an important property, and a similar change is found in type 2 diabetes in humans
Summary
Metabolic diseases, including diabetes, have become health issues worldwide, and the population of patients is rapidly increasing [1] [2] [3]. Animal models of type 2 diabetes have been established to assist better understanding of the pathophysiology of diabetes and its complications. Most of these models have abnormalities of single or multiple genes related to insulin deficiency, glucose intolerance, and/or insulin resistance leading to high blood glucose levels [9]. The development of diabetes and the progression of its complications are affected by various factors, including obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. The Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat and the Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rat are genetic non-obese type 2 diabetic models, and the rats are considered to be suitable models for investigating the etiology of the depletion of insulin secretion and impaired glucose tolerance. We focus on a genetic model and introduce the pathophysiological features in GK rats and SDT rats
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