Abstract
The surface composition of clean polycrystalline Silver (Ag) was analyzed by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) at optimal instrument operation parameters for both nonmonochromatic He I and He II emission. UPS valence band spectra were obtained using a differentially pumped He gas-discharge lamp (He I: 21.2 eV; He II: 40.8 eV). Fermi levels (Ef) in UPS spectra arising from each source line are observed—where the energy difference between Ef arising from He I or He II is equivalent to the difference in source energy of He I and He II primary lines (19.6 eV), useful for calibration of UPS systems or spectra analysis.
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