Non-local three phase lag bio thermal modeling of skin tissue and experimental evaluation

Abstract

In this paper, the thermal behavior of living tissue has been modeled using a non-local three-phase lag approach. The simulation results of this model- ing have been compared with experimental results of alternating radiation with different periods on human skin, yielding satisfactory alignments. Ad- ditionally, it has been investigated that the TPL model, which is an equation with an integral term, can simulate energy accumulation within the dermal tissue. Moreover, the non-local nature of the modeling has been explored to alter the influence of phase lag terms. Furthermore, apart from numer- ically solving the equation, an analytical solution has been derived for the frequency equation, demonstrating the effects of simulation parameters on the frequency equation and simulation results. The obtained results indi cate that these parameters not only independently affect the outcomes but also interact with other parameters, leading to variations beyond their direct impacts.