Non‐Linearities in Chemical Reactions. Temporal and Spatial Structures; Efficiency

Abstract

AbstractExperiments and theory are reviewed on systems with multiple stable states, stabilization of unstable stationary states, oscillations, inverted Hopf bifurcations, the velocity and structure of chemical fronts and waves including the constancy of the profile in time, and structure formation in precipitation processes. Reduction of dissipation is shown possible in nonlinear systems compared to stationary state operation, by means of external periodic perturbations or oscillatory conditions, and is illustrated with thermal and biochemical engines (glycolysis).