Abstract
The effect of the graphene nanoplateletets (GNP), at concentration of 1, 5 and 10 wt %, in Poly ether ether ketone (PEEK) composite crystallization from melt and during cold crystallization were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and real time X-ray diffraction experiments. DSC results revealed a double effect of GNP: (a) nucleating effect crystallization from melt started at higher temperatures and (b) longer global crystallization time due to the restriction in the polymer chain mobility. This hindered mobility were proved by rheological behavior of nanocomposites, because to the increase of complex viscosity, G′, G″ with the GNP content, as well as the non-Newtonian behavior found in composites with high GNP content. Finally, real time wide and small angle synchrotron X-ray radiation (WAXS/SAXS) X-ray measurements showed that GNP has not affected the orthorhombic phase of PEEK nor the evolution of the crystal phase during the crystallization processes. However, the correlation length of the crystal obtained by WAXS and the long period (L) by SAXS varied depending on the GNP content.
Highlights
Ether ether ketone (PEEK) is a well-known high performance thermoplastic polymer with attractive properties, such as high thermal stability and high melting temperature [1,2,3]
Ether ether ketone (PEEK) composite crystallization from melt and during cold crystallization were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and real time X-ray diffraction experiments
The correlation length of the crystal obtained by WAXS and the long period (L) by SAXS varied depending on the graphene nanoplateletets (GNP) content
Summary
Ether ether ketone (PEEK) is a well-known high performance thermoplastic polymer with attractive properties, such as high thermal stability and high melting temperature [1,2,3]. The crystallization process has been widely studied by different techniques, such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC), dielectric relaxation analysis, time-resolved synchrotron X-ray diffraction, and electron microscopy [5,6,7,8,9,10]. It is well-known that the crystallization kinetics of polymers involves two competitive processes, nucleation and growth [11]
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