Abstract
This research proposes a deep learning-driven impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) multiantenna scheme for non-ionic breast tumor localization. The structure of the multiantenna scheme consists of one side slot Vivaldi transmitting (Tx) and nine side slot Vivaldi receiving (Rx<sub>1</sub> – Rx<sub>9</sub>) antennas. To mitigate the attenuation and improve the diagnostic accuracy, the multiantenna scheme is rotated clockwise in 90° increments around the breast, with the angular position of the Tx antenna of 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°. The deep learning algorithm is utilized to detect and localize the breast tumor, with 17 classification outputs, consisting of classifications 1 – 16 which correspond to 16 vertically discretized segments of the breast and classification 17 for cancer-free. Experiments were carried out using heterogenous breast replicas with a tumor of 1 cm in diameter, and the breast replicas possess the dielectric property and Hounsfield units (HU) similar to those of human breasts. The experimental results were compared with the computed tomography (CT) scan images. The results reveal that the multiantenna scheme could efficiently detect and accurately localize the breast tumor for nearly all classifications, with the total accuracy (average of F1 scores) of 99.11 %. Specifically, the novelty of this research lies in the use of deep learning with the IR-UWB technology to effectively localize breast tumors.
Highlights
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of untimely death for women, claiming more than 1.8 million lives annually [1]
Each Rx antenna (Rx1 – Rx9) yields 17 classification outputs (i.e., 17 classifications), consisting of classifications 1 – 16 which correspond to locations 1 – of the tumors in the breast replicas and classification for cancer-free
The 2D computed tomography (CT) images are compared with the tumor localization by the proposed deep learning-driven impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) multiantenna scheme, and the results are discussed in the subsequent section
Summary
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of untimely death for women, claiming more than 1.8 million lives annually [1]. P. Phasukkit: Non-Ionic Deep Learning-Driven IR-UWB Multiantenna Scheme for Breast Tumor Localization. This research proposes a non-ionic deep learning-driven IR-UWB multiantenna scheme to detect and localize breast tumors. P. Phasukkit: Non-Ionic Deep Learning-Driven IR-UWB Multiantenna Scheme for Breast Tumor Localization TABLE 1. In the breast tumor localization, the deep learning algorithm selects the classification with the maximum probabilistic value (i.e., maximum GrandTotal).
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