Non-invasive Treatment of Demineralized Enamel by Eggshell Powder, Bioactive Glass, and Casein: Comparative Study

Abstract

Introduction: Non-invasive treatment protocol of demineralized enamel lesions as more conservative procedure by different remineralizing agents would bring a major approach in the clinical management of these enamel defects. Aim: The present study was aimed to investigates in-situ remineralization of the demineralized enamel surface, by treatment with different remineralizing agents and stored in an artificial saliva with neutral pH, at 37 °C for 21 days. Materials and Method: We investigated the morphology, and chemical composition of the demineralized and remineralized enamel surface, which treated with Chicken Eggshell powder solution (CESPS), Bioactive Glass (BAG), and Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) as remineralizing agent twice daily and stored in artificial saliva for 21 days. The surface morphology, as well as the chemical composition of the remineralized enamel samples were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometry. Results: CESPS resulted in the higher and significant remineralization results when comparing with BAG alone or in combination with it as well as it showed significant effect when compared with CPP-ACP. Conclusion: CESPS, BAG, and CPP-ACP can use as non-invasive treatment of early carious enamel lesions.