Abstract
While near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) haemodynamic measures have proven to be vastly useful in investigating human brain development, the haemodynamic response function (HRF) in infants is not yet fully understood. NIRS measurements of the oxidation state of mitochondrial enzyme cytochrome-c-oxidase (oxCCO) have the potential to yield key information about cellular oxygen utilisation and therefore energy metabolism. We used a broadband NIRS system to measure changes in oxCCO, in addition to haemodynamic changes, during functional activation in a group of 33 typically developing infants aged between 4 and 6 months. The responses were recorded over the right temporal lobe while the infants were presented with engaging videos containing social content. A significant increase in oxCCO was found in response to the social stimuli, with maximum increase of 0.238 ± 0.13 μM. These results are the first reported significant change in oxCCO in response to stimulus-evoked activation in human infants and open new vistas for investigating human infant brain function and its energy metabolism.
Highlights
near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive optical imaging technique that uses absorption of near-infrared light, by underlying brain tissue, to quantify changes in concentration of oxygenated haemoglobin Δ[HbO2] and deoxygenated haemoglobin Δ[HHb]
NIRS oxidation status of CCO (oxCCO) measurements combined with haemodynamic measures, alongside the use of a mathematical model of cerebral physiology[17, 18], could provide converging evidence into the mechanisms of typical and atypical haemodynamic responses to neuronal activation
The aim of this study was to use an in-house developed broadband NIRS system to assess whether oxCCO could be measured in the presence of the haemodynamic response, resulting from cortical neuronal activation, in typical human infants
Summary
NIRS is a non-invasive optical imaging technique that uses absorption of near-infrared light, by underlying brain tissue, to quantify changes in concentration of oxygenated haemoglobin Δ[HbO2] and deoxygenated haemoglobin Δ[HHb]. These changes provide valuable measures of changes in cerebral oxygenation and haemodynamics. NIRS oxCCO measurements combined with haemodynamic measures, alongside the use of a mathematical model of cerebral physiology[17, 18], could provide converging evidence into the mechanisms of typical and atypical haemodynamic responses to neuronal activation. The aim of this study was to use an in-house developed broadband NIRS system to assess whether oxCCO could be measured in the presence of the haemodynamic response, resulting from cortical neuronal activation, in typical human infants
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