Non-invasive estimation of afferent inputs for postural stability under low levels of alcohol.

Abstract

The maintenance of human equilibrium is a complex process. Several physiological systems provide afferent information for postural stabilization. This study describes a noninvasive methodology to estimate the relative roles of interacting afferent inputs relevant for postural control. A multiaxis force platform in conjunction with specially designed test procedure provided semi-quantitative insight into the roles of vision, proprioceptors and vestibular apparatus in controlling postural sway when it was perturbed by a central nervous system perturbator such as alcohol. Experiments were conducted on 10 male and 10 female subjects. The males did not show statistically significant increases in body sway at these low levels of alcohol. For the females, the present methodology could detect subtle changes in postural sway at low blood alcohol levels ranging between 0.015% and 0.03%. At these low levels of alcohol, the results from females show that when the vision was excluded and the proprioception was modified, the postural sway was most affected. The postural instability experienced in this condition is probably due to inappropriate responses to proprioceptive inputs and lack of vision. Both male and female subjects showed a strong "eyes by standing surface" interaction. The proprioceptor manipulation alone did not affect the postural stability.