Abstract
Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) is a subtype of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Because its diameter is less than 10 mm, diagnosing it accurately is difficult with traditional methods such as image examinations and FNA (Fine Needle Aspiration). Investigating the metabolic changes induced by PTMC may enhance the understanding of its pathogenesis and provide important information for a new diagnosis method and treatment plan. In this study, high resolution magic angle spin (HRMAS) spectroscopy and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy were used to screen metabolic changes in thyroid tissues and plasma from PTMC patients respectively. The results revealed reduced levels of fatty acids and elevated levels of several amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, lactate, serine, cystine, lysine, glutamine/glutamate, taurine, leucine, alanine, isoleucine and valine) in thyroid tissues, as well as reduced levels of amino acids such as valine, tyrosine, proline, lysine, leucine and elevated levels of glucose, mannose, pyruvate and 3-hydroxybutyrate in plasma, are involved in the metabolic alterations in PTMC. In addition, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve model for PTMC prediction was able to classify cases with good sensitivity and specificity using 9 significant changed metabolites in plasma. This work illustrates that the NMR-based metabolomics approach is capable of providing more sensitive diagnostic results and more systematic therapeutic information for PTMC.
Highlights
Thyroid nodules is a common clinical problem affecting 20-40% of the world population [1]
Other than papillary thyroid microcarcinoma, 2 cases of follicular carcinoma, 1 case of anaplastic carcinoma, and 6 cases of nodular goiter were diagnosed in the 35 patients
Amino acids such as valine, tyrosine, proline, lysine, and leucine were all significantly decreased in Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) samples, which could have been due to increased protein www.impactjournals.com/oncotarget synthesis in cancer patients
Summary
Thyroid nodules is a common clinical problem affecting 20-40% of the world population [1]. Most thyroid nodules are benign, and only 5%-10% are diagnosed as malignant [2]. A common endocrine tumor in head and neck area, thyroid cancer can be classified into four classes: papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), follicular thyroid cancer (FTC), medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) [3]. PTC, the most common and treatable class, accounts for 80% of the total thyroid cancer cases. For early stage PTC, 10-year survival rates can be as high as 90%, whereas for later stage PTC, 10-year survival rates are significantly lower [2,3,4,5]. Early diagnosis is crucial for better prognosis in PTC patients
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