Abstract
Plant diseases can reduce crop yield by up to 100%. Therefore, timely and confirmatory diagnosis of plant diseases is strongly desired. Typical pathogen assaying methods include polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). These approaches are quite useful but are also time-consuming and destructive to the sample. Raman spectroscopy (RS) is a modern analytical technique that enables non-invasive plant disease detection. In this study, we report on Raman-based detection of wheat diseases caused by wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV). Our results show that RS can be used to differentiate between healthy wheat and wheat infected by these two viruses. We also show that RS can be used to identify whether wheat is infected by these individual viruses or by a combination of WSMV and BYDV, as well as WSMV, BYDV, and Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV). We found that wheat spectra showed non-linear spectroscopic responses to coinfection by different viruses. These results suggest that RS can be used to probe pathogen-specific changes in plant metabolism. The portable nature of this approach opens the possibility of RS directly in the field for confirmatory diagnostics of viral diseases.
Highlights
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is one of the widely most grown cereal crops in the world: in 2017 alone, over 750 million tons of wheat were produced across 124 different countries (FAOSTAT Compared Data)
We analyzed spectra collected from leaves of wheat plants infected with wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) (W) and barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) (B), a combination of WSMV and BYDV (WB), a combination of WSMV and Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) (WT), and WSMV, BYDV, and TriMV (WBT) simultaneously
We found that in the spectra collected from WSMV + BYDV + TriMV (WBT)-infected wheat, these bands were less intense than the corresponding bands in all other classes (WT, WSMV + BYDV (WB)...), suggesting that triple infection may put a greater burden on xylan maintenance than other combinations of viruses
Summary
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is one of the widely most grown cereal crops in the world: in 2017 alone, over 750 million tons of wheat were produced across 124 different countries (FAOSTAT Compared Data). Consumption of wheat accounts for over 18% of the total food supply of the world (FAOSTAT Compared Data). Wheat is susceptible to a wide variety of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, all of which can greatly impact yield. Among all these pathogens, viruses are often challenging to detect, as their visual symptoms may resemble those of nutrient deficiency (Freije et al, 2016). Plants are often subject to coinfection by different types of viruses simultaneously, leading to symptoms that might not resemble those of any single virus alone
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