Abstract
Non-invasive measurement of the arterial blood speed gives important health information such as cardio output and blood supplies to vital organs. The magnitude and change in arterial blood speed are key indicators of the health conditions and development and progression of diseases. We demonstrated a simple technique to directly measure the blood flow speed in main arteries based on the diffused light model. The concept is demonstrated with a phantom that uses intralipid hydrogel to model the biological tissue and an embedded glass tube with flowing human blood to model the blood vessel. The correlation function of the measured photocurrent was used to find the electrical field correlation function via the Siegert relation. We have shown that the characteristic decorrelation rate (i.e., the inverse of the decoherent time) is linearly proportional to the blood speed and independent of the tube diameter. This striking property can be explained by an approximate analytic solution for the diffused light equation in the regime where the convective flow is the dominating factor for decorrelation. As a result, we have demonstrated a non-invasive method of measuring arterial blood speed without any prior knowledge or assumption about the geometric or mechanic properties of the blood vessels.
Highlights
Oxygenated red blood cells in the blood flow deliver essential nutrients and oxygen to organs and limbs to maintain their homeostatic conditions and proper functions
To measure the blood flow speed in major arteries, we extend the technique of optical scattering method by taking into account the effect of multiple scattering by red blood cells
The key results of our work are the following: (a) we have shown experimentally and theoretically that one can measure the arterial blood flow velocity using a simple optical setup comprised of a single semiconductor laser and a single detector, both coupled to a multimode fiber bundle, and (b) we discovered that for main arteries where the diffused light model applies, the decorrelation time is inversely proportional to the RBC speed and we can measure its value without any prior knowledge about the anatomy and tissue mechanic properties of the artery
Summary
Oxygenated red blood cells in the blood flow deliver essential nutrients and oxygen to organs and limbs to maintain their homeostatic conditions and proper functions. Oximeter detects the oxygen saturation level of red blood cells by using wavelength dependent absorption for oxygenated and deoxygenated blood [1]. Such measurements can be done with wearable devices such as smart watches. There has been no convenient and non-invasive method to measure the amount of blood supply or blood speed in major arteries. Reduced blood supply is usually a sign of diseases and medical conditions. Dehydration, thromboses formation, and other physiological and pathological conditions can cause short-term or long-term changes in the blood speed at a given location of the artery
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