Abstract
The “Non-intrusive battery health monitoring”, developed by Airbus Defence and Space (ADS) in cooperation with the CIRIMAT-CNRS laboratory and supported by CNES, aims at providing a diagnosis of the battery ageing in flight, called State of Health (SOH), using only the post-treatment of the battery telemetries. The battery current and voltage telemetries are used by a signal processing tool on ground to characterize and to model the battery at low frequencies which allows monitoring the evolution of its degradation with great accuracy. The frequential behaviour estimation is based on inherent disturbances on the current during the nominal functioning of the battery. For instance, on-board thermal control or equipment consumption generates random disturbances on battery current around an average current. The battery voltage response to these current random disturbances enables to model the low frequency impedance of the battery by a signal processing tool. The re-created impedance is then compared with the evolution model of the low frequencies impedance as a function of the battery ageing to estimate accurately battery degradation. Hence, this method could be applied to satellites which are already in orbit and whose battery telemetries acquisition system fulfils the constraints determined in the study. This innovative method is an improvement of present state-of-the-art and is important to have a more accurate in-flight knowledge of battery ageing which is crucial for mission and operation planning and also for possible satellite mission extension or deorbitation. This method is patented by Airbus Defence and Space and CNES.
Highlights
For a satellite, the battery ensures a critical function: store and provide the electrical energy during the entire lifetime of the spacecraft without any interruption
For Low Earth Orbit (LEO) missions, the battery has to comply with 55 000 cycles during 10 years
It is difficult to measure the internal resistance because such a measure needs clean battery current transition
Summary
The battery ensures a critical function: store and provide the electrical energy during the entire lifetime of the spacecraft without any interruption. The battery is an electrochemical system which undergoes degradations along its operational life. Its degradation results from the calendar effect and the cycling effect depending on the type of mission. For Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) missions, the baseline is presently 15 years in orbit with 1350 battery cycles. For Low Earth Orbit (LEO) missions, the battery has to comply with 55 000 cycles during 10 years. The degradations of a battery are characterized by a loss of capacity linked to an increase of the internal resistance. The optimisation of the battery management can be achieved by monitoring its in-flight behaviour and by quantifying its degradation. The battery monitoring can be declined itself in 3 different ways. Second way is linked to the battery failure and anomaly detection with eventually mission adaptation for recovery. The last is related to the mission extension and deorbitation decision and is in line with the current issue of space debris law
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