Abstract
The development and management of the Czech landscape has been influenced by several key factors in the past. One important factor is the development of society, particularly political changes and ecological development. Others include the level of knowledge and understanding of technologies, scientific knowledge and the non-productive importance of the landscape, as well as the attitude of society and individuals towards the landscape. In the past, non-forest woody vegetation was a standard part of the European agricultural landscape and formed its typical appearance. The onset of collective farming during the second half of the twentieth century resulted in transforming the landscape into open fields without permanent vegetation. The landscape became everyone’s and no-one’s and was subject to orders, tasks and plans. The key goal of this article is to evaluate non-forest woody vegetation from a landscape-ecological aspect and compare the occurrence of non-forest woody vegetation in four landscape types. The submitted study presents various types of non-forest woody vegetation, the species present in elements of scattered greenery and the spatial arrangement depending on the method of management and use of the territory.
Highlights
Vegetation fulfils a specific and irreplaceable function in the landscape in relation to the cycle of matter and energy flow
The comprehensive research methodology includes a dendrological survey of the current condition of non-forest woody structure growth according to typology (Bulíř & Škorpík, 1988) and the vitality of scattered greenery structures according to methodology (Mareček, 1986)
Evaluation of the suitability of species according to the Map of Potentially Natural Vegetation in the Czech Republic (Neuhäuslová et al, 1998) comprises: Aa – a vegetation element typical of the landscape character of the area surveyed according to the MPNV; Bb – an element corresponding to the landscape character with small exceptions; Cc – over 40 % of the vegetation element does not correspond to the landscape character; Dd – the vegetation element and species compositions do not correspond to the landscape character of the area of interest (Koblížek, 2000; Vondra Krupková, 2018)
Summary
Vegetation fulfils a specific and irreplaceable function in the landscape in relation to the cycle of matter and energy flow. Production of biomass provides food for herbivores and is the main source of organic material in the soil. It accelerates the weathering of rocks and contributes towards the creation and development of soil and consolidation of the earth’s surface, thereby preventing erosion. More extensive removal of vegetation from the landscape leads to unavoidable water and wind erosion, changes in the dissipation of the sun’s energy and subsequent changes in air flow and rain distribution (Trnka, 2007). A decisive period in the development of the natural characteristics of the current landscape was the Quaternary Period. Means a return to procedures in agriculture, forestry and water management that are close to nature, renewal of biodiversity and ecological balance
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