Non-enthalpic enhancement of spatial distribution and orientation of CNTs and GNRs in polymer nanofibers

Abstract

Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and their unzipped counterparts graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are promising materials for energy storage applications, due to their unique architecture and properties. However, spatial distribution and orientation in polymer matrices plays a crucial role in determining the charge and mass transfer effectiveness of the nanocomposite. Here, we report a controlled enhancement of dispersion and spatial alignment of CNTs and GNRs via gas-assisted electrospinning (GAES). This methodology obviates the use of surface modifications to ensure effective enthalpic interactions between a substrate and filler, and offers a “single-step” procedure for electrode fabrication. We conducted a rigorous TEM image analysis of as-spun PVA nanofibers and observed an average of 60 and 90% improvement in dispersion area due to the application of high but controlled air flow for CNTs and GNRs, respectively. Alignment results demonstrate that stiff CNTs respond uniformly to the external deformation applied by GAES, while more flexible GNRs have a limited response.