Abstract
In the cognitive radio network (CRN), secondary users (SUs) compete for limited spectrum resources, so the spectrum access process of SUs can be regarded as a non-cooperative game. With enough artificial intelligence (AI), SUs can adopt certain spectrum access strategies through their learning ability, so as to improve their own benefit. Taking into account the impatience of the SUs with the waiting time to access the spectrum and the fact that the primary users (PUs) have preemptive priority to use the licensed spectrum in the CRN, this paper proposed the repairable queueing model with balking and reneging to investigate the spectrum access. Based on the utility function from an economic perspective, the relationship between the Nash equilibrium and the socially optimal spectrum access strategy of SUs was studied through the analysis of the system model. Then a reasonable spectrum pricing scheme was proposed to maximize the social benefits. Simulation results show that the proposed access mechanism can realize the consistency of Nash equilibrium strategy and social optimal strategy to maximize the benefits of the whole cognitive system.
Highlights
With the prosperity of the ubiquitous sensing technology, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are widely used in environmental monitoring, smart home, medical systems, space exploration and many other areas [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
As an important form of the underlying network technologies of Internet of Things (IoT) [8,9], the node deployment cost [10,11], limited energy [12] and the shortage of wireless spectrum resources [13] has restricted the development of WSNs
The core idea of cognitive radio (CR) is to make the radio devices intelligent and able to perform cognitive behaviors such as sensing, reasoning, learning, decision making and executing [16,17,18], which is consistent with the idea of artificial intelligence (AI) [19,20,21,22,23] to some extent
Summary
With the prosperity of the ubiquitous sensing technology, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are widely used in environmental monitoring, smart home, medical systems, space exploration and many other areas [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. In [31], considering a dynamic spectrum access system in which SU could choose to either rent a licensed dedicated band or to use spectrum holes, the authors analyzed the equilibrium behavior for the SU decision strategies and applied the analysis results to maximize the revenue from renting dedicated bands to SUs based on the server-breakdown queueing model.
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