Abstract
B-lymphocytes are essential for an efficient immune response against a variety of pathogens. A large fraction of hematologic malignancies are of B-cell origin, suggesting that the development and activation of B cells must be tightly regulated. In recent years, differentially expressed non-coding RNAs have been identified in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) tumor samples as opposed to their naive, normal B-cell compartment. These aberrantly expressed molecules, specifically microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), have a role in cellular growth and survival pathways in various biological models. Here, we provide an overview of current knowledge on the role of non-coding RNAs and their relevant targets in B-cell development, activation and malignant transformation, summarizing the current understanding of the role of aberrant expression of non-coding RNAs in MCL pathobiology with perspectives for clinical use.
Highlights
The development of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technologies enabled the discovery of highly abundant and diverse classes of non-coding RNA molecules [1].These molecules lack protein-coding potential but are essential to the regulation of epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-translational mechanisms involved in homeostasis and diseases [2].The species of ncRNAs mainly include small nuclear RNAs, small nucleolar RNAs, microRNAs, Piwi-interacting RNAs, long ncRNAs and circular RNAs [3,4].B-lymphocytes are essential for an efficient immune response against a variety of pathogens
Overexpression of this miRNA inhibited the differentiation of primary B cells and compromised the survival of cultured myeloma cells. These findings suggest that miR-125b promotes B lymphocyte diversification in the GC by inhibiting premature utilization of essential transcription factors for plasma cell differentiation [86]
The researchers confirmed by luciferase reporter assay that miR-223 suppressed the wild-type 30 UTR of SRY-box transcription factor 11 (SOX11), a crucial transcription factor in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) that was found to be negatively correlated with the mRNA level of SOX11 in clinical samples [129,130]
Summary
The development of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technologies enabled the discovery of highly abundant and diverse classes of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules [1]. These molecules lack protein-coding potential but are essential to the regulation of epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-translational mechanisms involved in homeostasis and diseases [2]. The ability of miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs to influence biological pathways that are dysregulated in disease, in addition to their stability in tissue and biofluids, make them excellent candidates for biomarker discovery [20,21,22,23].
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