Abstract
Glioma, especially glioblastoma, is the most common and lethal brain tumor. In line with the complicated vascularization processes and the strong intratumoral heterogeneity, tumor-associated blood vessels in glioma are regulated by multiple types of cells through a variety of molecular mechanisms. Components of the tumor microenvironment, including tumor cells and tumor-associated stromata, produce various types of molecular mediators to regulate glioma angiogenesis. As critical regulatory molecules, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) inside cells or secreted to the tumor microenvironment play essential roles in glioma angiogenesis. In this review, we briefly summarize recent studies about the production, delivery, and functions of ncRNAs in the tumor microenvironment, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of angiogenesis by ncRNAs. We also discuss the ncRNA-based therapeutic strategies in the anti-angiogenic therapy for glioma treatment.
Highlights
As early as 1971, Folkman proposed that the growth of solid tumors would be inhibited in the absence of angiogenesis and that both tumor growth and metastasis depended on the formation of new blood vessels
Within the tumor microenvironment composed of tumor cells, stromal cells, and non-cellular components, glioma angiogenesis is a complex process with diverse patterns that are regulated by multiple factors
As a category of critical regulatory molecules in the tumor microenvironment, ncRNAs are indispensable for the communication between diverse cell components and the strict regulation of the expression and secretion of angiogenic factors and cytokines during tumor angiogenesis
Summary
As early as 1971, Folkman proposed that the growth of solid tumors would be inhibited in the absence of angiogenesis and that both tumor growth and metastasis depended on the formation of new blood vessels. NcRNAs play important roles in regulating life activities such as DNA replication, transcription, RNA processing, translation, and protein functions.
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