Abstract
Breast cancer is regarded as a heterogeneous and complicated disease that remains the prime focus in the domain of public health concern. Next-generation sequencing technologies provided a new perspective dimension to non-coding RNAs, which were initially considered to be transcriptional noise or a product generated from erroneous transcription. Even though understanding of biological and molecular functions of noncoding RNA remains enigmatic, researchers have established the pivotal role of these RNAs in governing a plethora of biological phenomena that includes cancer-associated cellular processes such as proliferation, invasion, migration, apoptosis, and stemness. In addition to this, the transmission of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs was identified as a source of communication to breast cancer cells either locally or systemically. The present review provides in-depth information with an aim at discovering the fundamental potential of non-coding RNAs, by providing knowledge of biogenesis and functional roles of micro RNA and long non-coding RNAs in breast cancer and breast cancer stem cells, as either oncogenic drivers or tumor suppressors. Furthermore, non-coding RNAs and their potential role as diagnostic and therapeutic moieties have also been summarized.
Highlights
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common form of cancer among women and accounts for 11.6% of cancer incidences and 6.6% of cancer-associated deaths worldwide [1]
Our present review aims to outline research studies that highlight the impact of miRNAs and lncRNAs on tumor occurrence and progression in BC and Breastdata cancer stem cellsthe (BCSCs), while underscoring the potential lncRNAs on tumor occurrence and progression in BC moiety and BCSCs, while underscoring thein role governed by ncRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic that may lay as future foundation potential role governed by ncRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic moiety that may lay as future development of newer strategies to prevent and overcome issues related to invasion and metastasis in foundation in development of newer strategies to prevent and overcome issues related to invasion and metastasis in BC and BCSCs
Our review article has provided reports on extensive investigations and studies on the biological and functional role of miRNA and lncRNA in BC and cancer stem cells (CSCs) providing an insight into their significance in cancer proliferation, pathological manifestations, progression invasion, and metastasis as biomarkers and as a potential therapeutic target
Summary
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common form of cancer among women and accounts for 11.6% of cancer incidences and 6.6% of cancer-associated deaths worldwide [1]. The efforts for re-evaluating non-coding part of the human genome and re-classifying them from “junk” to “non-junk” have been accomplished mainly through the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements project (ENCODE) project and by using ab initio transcriptome assembly which provides unbiased modality for lncRNA discovery which can pinpoint cancer- associated ncRNAs [12,13]. These projects provided critical insights into the “junk” or “dark matter” of DNA being transcribed via complex regulatory networks for the regulation of coding genes.
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