Non-Coding RNAs as Prognostic Markers for Endometrial Cancer.

Roberto Piergentili,Caterina Gulia,Giovanni Scambia,Enrico Marinelli,Fabrizio Signore,Federica Perelli,Anna Franca Cavaliere,Alberto Mattei,Simona Zaami

doi:10.3390/ijms22063151

Abstract

Endometrial cancer (EC) has been classified over the years, for prognostic and therapeutic purposes. In recent years, classification systems have been emerging not only based on EC clinical and pathological characteristics but also on its genetic and epigenetic features. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging as promising markers in several cancer types, including EC, for which their prognostic value is currently under investigation and will likely integrate the present prognostic tools based on protein coding genes. This review aims to underline the importance of the genetic and epigenetic events in the EC tumorigenesis, by expounding upon the prognostic role of ncRNAs.

Highlights

Published: 19 March 2021Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most widespread gynecological tumor in developed countries
The treatment of patients with initial disease relies on risk factors reported within the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO), European SocieTy for Radiotherapy & Oncology (ESTRO) consensus published in 2016
This review aims to summarize the genetic factors on which the current prognostic systems are based and to indicate the pathogenetic and the prognostic role of the Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), for the purpose of better defining tailored treatments and oncological surveillance on each

Summary

Introduction

Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most widespread gynecological tumor in developed countries. Well-established risk factors have been identified: Lynch Syndrome and Cowden. About one-third of patients have localized disease at the time of its first identification [1]. The prognosis for EC patients with early stage tumor (stages I and II) is mostly favorable. The treatment of patients with initial disease relies on risk factors reported within the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO), European SocieTy for Radiotherapy & Oncology (ESTRO) consensus published in 2016. Most of them can be submitted to surgery alone or followed by vaginal brachytherapy (BRT) or external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), adding platinum-based therapy in stage I high-risk and stage II patients [5]

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