Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in the regulation of cell metabolism and neoplastic transformation. Recent studies have tried to clarify the significance of these information carriers in the genesis and progression of various cancers and their use as biomarkers for the disease; possible targets for the inhibition of growth and invasion by the neoplastic cells have been suggested. The significance of ncRNAs in lung cancer, bladder cancer, kidney cancer, and melanoma has been amply investigated with important results. Recently, the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has also been included in cancer studies. Studies on the relation between endometrial cancer (EC) and ncRNAs, such as small ncRNAs or micro RNAs (miRNAs), transfer RNAs (tRNAs), ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), antisense RNAs (asRNAs), small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), lncRNAs, and long intergenic ncRNAs (lincRNAs) have been published. The recent literature produced in the last three years was extracted from PubMed by two independent readers, which was then selected for the possible relation between ncRNAs, oncogenesis in general, and EC in particular.
Highlights
The analysis of non-coding RNA expression in endometrial cancers (EC) might be of importance in understanding the neoplastic transformation of the endometrium
We offer an overview of the current knowledge of the relationship between ncRNAs and endometrial adenocarcinoma (EC) that shows promise in the diagnosis and treatment of this condition
Cellular genes are in charge of proliferation, apoptosis, and stem cell differentiation; all of them can undergo epigenetic modifications in cancer [76,77]
Summary
The analysis of non-coding RNA (ncRNAs) expression in endometrial cancers (EC) might be of importance in understanding the neoplastic transformation of the endometrium. These RNA transcripts are possible biomarkers of early neoplastic transformation, but their significance might be even greater. Only 2% of the genome in humans has protein encoding functions, so most of the human genome is not translated into proteins It has been called genomic dark matter, because no specific function has been described for it [1]. LncRNA gene polymorphisms have been linked to cancer risk [9]. We offer an overview of the current knowledge of the relationship between ncRNAs and endometrial adenocarcinoma (EC) that shows promise in the diagnosis and treatment of this condition
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