Abstract
A major terrifying ailment afflicting the humans throughout the world is brain tumor, which causes a lot of mortality among pediatric and adult solid tumors. Several major barriers to the treatment and diagnosis of the brain tumors are the specific micro-environmental and cell-intrinsic features of neural tissues. Absence of the nutrients and hypoxia trigger the cells’ mortality in the core of the tumors of humans’ brains: however, type of the cells’ mortality, including apoptosis or necrosis, has been not found obviously. Current studies have emphasized the non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) since their crucial impacts on carcinogenesis have been discovered. Several investigations suggest the essential contribution of such molecules in the development of brain tumors and the respective roles in apoptosis. Herein, we summarize the apoptosis-related non-coding RNAs in brain tumors.
Highlights
Cancer is specified as uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation resulting in an imbalance between division and death of the cells as a result of many different factors including physicochemical or biological agents (Evan and Vousden, 2001; Jafari et al, 2021a)
We describe the structure and biogenesis of miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA, summarize the apoptosisrelated non-coding RNAs in brain tumors
There is an elevated level of LncRNA TP73-AS1 in medulloblastoma cells which binds to miR-494-3p to inhibit it and in turn activate EIF5A2, the pathway that explains promoted apoptosis following TP73-AS1 suppression (Li et al, 2019b)
Summary
Cancer is specified as uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation resulting in an imbalance between division and death of the cells as a result of many different factors including physicochemical or biological agents (Evan and Vousden, 2001; Jafari et al, 2021a). Today three main pathways are described in apoptosis including extrinsic, intrinsic and perforin/granzyme-mediated pathways (Majtnerová and Roušar, 2018). The extrinsic pathway is induced via death receptors placed on plasma membrane such as TNF and Fas receptors This pathway eventually leads to the activation of caspases (Wang, 2020). It has been shown that different cellular/molecular mechanisms are associated with apoptosis-related processes in brain tumors. NcRNAs are highly heterogeneous in length, structure and cellular function (Hashemian et al, 2020; Mirzaei and Hamblin, 2020; Balandeh et al, 2021; Dashti et al, 2021; Mahjoubin-Tehran et al, 2021) They can be classified into two main classes: structural non-coding RNA and regulatory non-coding RNA. We describe the structure and biogenesis of miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA, summarize the apoptosisrelated non-coding RNAs in brain tumors
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