Non-Arrhenian Ionic dc Conductivity of Homoionic Alkali Exchanged Montmorillonites with Low Water Loadings

Abstract

Dc conductivity of the whole series of homoionic alkali exchanged montmorillonites is investigated by means of Complex Impedance Spectroscopy. Conductivity of the samples is measured at the dry state and at various water loadings between 0 and 6 absorbed water molecules per cation. Dc conductivity of all the dehydrated samples follows an Arrhenius behavior. In contrast, the hydrated samples exhibit a non-Arrhenius temperature dependence of dc conductivity that is fruitfully fitted by using the VTF’s empirical law. It is then shown that the critical temperature, TVTF, increases with water loading until the later equals approximately 3 for the Li+ and Na+ samples and higher values for the K+, Rb+, and Cs+ samples. So, it appears that the departure from the Arrhenius behavior is directly related to the number of water molecules in interaction with the alkali extra-framework cations. For water loadings higher than 3, activation energy for dc conductivity tends to values of about 0.2−0.3 eV for all samples ind...