Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among patients undergoing ultra-sonography abdomen and its associated factors in a tertiary care hospital, Kakinada

Abstract

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) presents a growing global health concern, characterized by the accumulation of hepatic lipids in the absence of significant alcohol consumption. Its prevalence has surged worldwide, including in India, where it has reached alarming levels. Despite its silent progression, NAFLD can lead to severe complications, including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Objectives of the study to assess prevalence and its associated factors, which are essential for effective management and prevention strategies. Methods: An observational, analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, from June to July 2022. Among 100 subjects, chosen through the simple random sampling. Ethical approval was granted before conducting study. Data on demographics, lifestyle risk factors, anthropometry, and ultrasound findings were collected using a pretested and validated case record form. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS software, employing appropriate tests to explore associations between NAFLD and various variables. Results: Among 100 participants, the prevalence of NAFLD was found to be 41%. Significant associations were observed between NAFLD and variables such as BMI (p=0.034), waist-hip ratio (p=0.002), and history of diabetes mellitus (p=0.000). Lifestyle factors, including increased cooking oil consumption, were identified as significant risk factors. Conclusions: The study highlights the high prevalence of NAFLD among subjects undergoing ultrasound abdomen in Kakinada. Significant associations were observed with BMI, waist-hip ratio, and diabetes mellitus history. Promoting healthy behaviours is crucial for NAFLD prevention and management.