Abstract
Abstract Despite the significant academic interest in the economic cohesion, the various aspects of convergence and the ways they can be measured still remain theoretically unclear. These are issues of extreme political significance, especially for countries aspiring for EU and euro area membership. The goal of this paper is to consolidate a variety of theoretical views on the convergence and its measurement and use it as the basis to assess the progress and the current state of economic convergence to the EU of the four candidate countries. The interrelation between the three forms of convergence in the different phases of the economic cycle is studied and the slobs in the ways the convergence is measured are outlined. The study reveals large differences between the candidate countries in achieving convergence with the EU. Their experiences do not confirm the positive relationship between nominal and real convergence. The structural convergence considered as convergence of sectoral structure has but little impact on the real convergence.
Highlights
Nominal, real, and structural convergence within the EU is a strong topic for the central banks and the European Central Bank
The purpose of studying the convergence of the EU candidate countries is to examine the extent to which the dynamics of the nominal, real, and structural convergence indicators confirm the main trends in the catching-up economies of the new EU Member States
If we summarize the views on the structural convergence, most authors reduce it to convergence of the sectoral structures and to a factor for the real convergence
Summary
Real, and structural convergence within the EU is a strong topic for the central banks and the European Central Bank. The goal of this paper is to consolidate a variety of theoretical views on the convergence and its measurement, and use it as the basis to assess the progress and the current state of economic convergence to the EU of the four candidate countries. The paper compares these countries with the average EU levels, as well with the new EU Member States, the so-calledcatching-upeconomies. The purpose of studying the convergence of the EU candidate countries is to examine the extent to which the dynamics of the nominal, real, and structural convergence indicators confirm the main trends in the catching-up economies of the new EU Member States. This includes the relationship between nominal, real, and structural convergence in the candidate countries
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