Abstract
The Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIR) are encoded by a diverse group of genes, which are characterized by allelic polymorphism, gene duplications, and recombinations, which may generate recombinant entities. The number of reported macaque KIR sequences is steadily increasing, and these data illustrate a gene system that may match or exceed the complexity of the human KIR cluster. This report lists the names of quality controlled and annotated KIR genes/alleles with all the relevant references for two different macaque species: rhesus and cynomolgus macaques. Numerous recombinant KIR genes in these species necessitate a revision of some of the earlier-published nomenclature guidelines. In addition, this report summarizes the latest information on the Immuno Polymorphism Database (IPD)-NHKIR Database, which contains annotated KIR sequences from four non-human primate species.
Highlights
Over the last two decades, the number of human Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (KIR) sequences and haplotypes has increased substantially
For non-human primate species (NHP) such as macaques, chimpanzees, and orangutans, the human KIR nomenclature rules have been applied, and when these have not been sufficient, species-specific adaptions have been added to the guidelines for the nomenclature (Robinson et al 2018)
Synonymous polymorphisms in the coding sequence of a KIR gene are distinguished by a second set of two digits, which is separated from the non-synonymous three-digit number by a colon (e.g., Mamu-KIR3DL01*012:02)
Summary
Over the last two decades, the number of human Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (KIR) sequences and haplotypes has increased substantially These data shed light on a plastic gene cluster of higher primates that is characterized by allelic polymorphism and variable gene content, and that involves complex recombinations and high levels of alternative splicing (Trowsdale et al 2001; Hsu et al 2002; Parham 2004; Hammond et al 2016; Bruijnesteijn et al 2018a, b; Bruijnesteijn et al 2018a, b). In this report on KIR nomenclature, we build on the previously reported human and NHP guidelines (Robinson et al 2018) to focus on macaques, because in these species the number of genes/alleles reported has significantly increased
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