Abstract
The present paper discusses methodological approaches to the creation of nomenclatural standards and genetic passports for Russian cultivars, currently being developed at the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) in collaboration with different breeding research centers. Plant material of potato cultivars bred in the Siberian Research Institute of Plant Cultivation and Breeding was collected by the cultivar creator A.D. Safonova in the experimental field of this institute and transferred to the VIR herbarium for preparation of their nomenclatural standards. Plant shoots and tubers of potato cultivars bred in other Siberian research centers in collaboration with the A.G. Lorkh All-Russian Research Institute of Potato Farming (VNIIKH) was collected by the representative of this institute in the experimental field of VNIIKH. As a result of joint research, nomenclatural standards were accomplished for 11 cultivars, namely ‘Аntonina’, ‘Zlatka’, ‘Lina’, ‘Lûbava’, ‘Nakra’, ‘Pamâti Rogačeva’, ‘Sarovskij’, ‘Safo’, ‘Solnečnyj’, ‘Tuleevskij’, ‘Ûna’** bred in five different Siberian breeding institutes including cultivars developed in collaboration with VNIIKH. Nomenclatural standards were prepared according to the ‘International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants’. DNA samples isolated from nomenclatural standards were used for preparation of genetic passports of these 11 cultivars. These genetic passports include information of the polymorphism of eight chromosome-specific microsatellites, data on the markers of 11 R-genes conferring resistance to various harmful organisms, as well as the information about cytoplasm types. Voucher specimens of additional three Siberian cultivars ‘Kemerovčanin’, ‘Kuznečanka’, ‘Tanaj’ and five Ural cultivars ‘Аlâska’, ‘Bravo’, ‘Irbitskij’, ‘Lûks’, ‘Terra’ from the Ural Research Institute for Agriculture were also registered in the VIR herbarium collection. For these eight cultivars, the genetic passports were not issued, but the results of SSR genotyping and molecular screening of voucher specimens performed with the same set of the DNA markers are presented in this report. A similar set of DNA markers was used for genotyping cultivar accessions from the in vitro and field collections of various institutes as well as cultivar specimens from eco-geographical tests performed within the framework of the Comprehensive Research Plan of the subprogram “Development of potato breeding and seed production in the Russian Federation”. The comparison of cultivar genetic passport data with genotyping results of specimens having the same name, but obtained from different sources made it possible to verify this plant material.
Highlights
As a result of joint research, nomenclatural standards were accomplished for 11 cultivars, namely ‘Аntonina’, ‘Zlatka’, ‘Lina’, ‘Lûbava’, ‘Nakra’, ‘Pamâti Rogačeva’, ‘Sarovskij’, ‘Safo’, ‘Solnečnyj’, ‘Tuleevskij’, ‘Ûna’** bred in five different Siberian breeding institutes including cultivars developed in collaboration with VNIIKH
Voucher specimens of additional three Siberian cultivars ‘Kemerovčanin’, ‘Kuznečanka’, ‘Tanaj’ and five Ural cultivars ‘Аlâska’, ‘Bravo’, ‘Irbitskij’, ‘Lûks’, ‘Terra’ from the Ural Research Institute for Agriculture were registered in the Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) herbarium collection
The genetic passports were not issued, but the results of SSR genotyping and molecular screening of voucher specimens performed with the same set of the DNA markers are presented in this report
Summary
CAPS – полиморфизм рестрикционных фрагментов амплифицированной ДНК (Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequences); MAS – маркер-опосредованный отбор (Marker Assisted Selection); SCAR – охарактеризованный секвенированием амплифицированный район (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region); SSR – Simple-sequence repeats – microsatellite markers, микросателлитные маркеры, SSR-маркеры; WIR – Международный акроним Гербария культурных растений мира, их диких родичей и сорных растений В настоящее время в Западной Сибири селекционные работы по созданию новых сортов картофеля ведутся в СибНИИСХиТ Ведущих исследования по селекции картофеля в различных регионах РФ, является создание высокопродуктивных, адаптированных к природно-климатическим условиям конкретного региона сортов, характеризующихся устойчивостью к наиболее распространенным болезням. По данным Государственного реестра (State Register for Selection Achievements, 2020) в Западно-Сибирском регионе допущено к использованию 62 сорта картофеля, среди которых 26 (42%) созданы сибирскими селекционерами, из них 17 (65%) относятся к раннеспелым и среднеранним. По данным Госреестра (State Register, 2020), из 62 сортов, допущенных к использованию и рекомендованных к выращиванию в Западно-Сибирском регионе, 55% (34 сорта) являются нематодоустойчивыми, из них только девять сибирской селекции. В настоящее время селекционные исследования, направленные на создание сортов картофеля, устойчивых к болезням и вредителям, включают маркер-опосредованный отбор (MAS) с применением ДНК-маркеров, ассоциированных с генами/QTL, детерминирующими признак устойчивости. В статье дана информация о зарегистрированных в Гербарии ВИР восьми ваучерных образцах сортов сибирской и уральской селекции, для которых также представлены результаты генотипирования
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